Byzantique

Matthew 12

1 note
Text · Matthew 12

Jesus Is Lord of the Sabbath

1At that time Jesus went through the grainfields on the Sabbath. His disciples were hungry and began to pluck heads of grain and eat them. 2When the Pharisees saw this, they said to him, “Behold, yoʋr disciples are doing what is not lawful to do on the Sabbath.” 3He said to them, “Have you not read what David did when he was hungry, ahe and those who were with him, 4how he entered the house of God and bate the bread of the Presence, which was not lawful for him or those who were with him to eat, but only for the priests? 5Or have you not read in the law that on the Sabbath the priests in the temple profane the Sabbath and yet are guiltless? 6But I tell you that csomething greater than the temple is here. 7But if you had known what this means: ‘I desire mercy and not sacrifice,’ you would not have condemned the guiltless. 8For the Son of Man is Lord dof the Sabbath.”

Jesus Heals a Man with a Withered Hand

9Then he departed from there and went into their synagogue. 10And behold, there was a eman who had a withered hand. In order to accuse Jesus, the Pharisees asked him, “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?” 11He said to them, “What man among you who has a sheep that falls into a pit on the Sabbath will not take hold of it and lift it out? 12Of how much more value is a person than a sheep! So then, it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath.” 13Then he said to the man, “Stretch out yoʋr hand.” So he stretched it out, and it was restored, becoming as sound as the other. 14But the Pharisees went out and took counsel against Jesus as to how they might destroy him.

God's Chosen Servant

15Aware of this, Jesus withdrew from there. fLarge crowds followed him, and he healed them all 16and warned them not to make him known. 17This was to fulfill what had been spoken through the prophet Isaiah:

18“Behold, my servant whom I have chosen,

my beloved, in whom my soul is well pleased.

I will put my Spirit upon him,

and he will declare justice to the Gentiles.

19He will not quarrel or cry out,

nor will anyone hear his voice in the streets.

20A bruised reed he will not break,

and a smoldering wick he will not extinguish,

until he brings justice to victory.

21And in his name the Gentiles will hope.”

Jesus and Beelzebul

22Then a demon-possessed man who was blind and mute was brought to him, and Jesus healed him, so that the gman who was blind and mute could speak and see. 23All the crowds were amazed and said, “Can this be the hSon of David?” 24But when the Pharisees heard this, they said, “It is only by Beelzebul, the ruler of demons, that this man casts out demons.” 25Knowing their thoughts, Jesus said to them, “Every kingdom divided against itself is laid waste, and no city or house divided against itself will stand. 26So if Satan casts out Satan, he is divided against himself. How then will his kingdom stand? 27And if I cast out demons by Beelzebul, by whom ido your followers cast them out? Therefore they will be your judges. 28But if I cast out demons by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you. 29Or how can anyone enter the house of a strong man and plunder his goods unless he first binds the strong man? Then he jcan plunder his house. 30Whoever is not with me is against me, and whoever does not gather with me scatters. 31Therefore I tell you, people will be forgiven for every sin and blasphemy, but kthey will not be forgiven for blasphemy against the Spirit. 32Whoever speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven, but whoever speaks against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven, neither in lthe present age nor in the age to come.

A Tree Is Known by Its Fruit

33“A tree is known by its fruit. If a tree is good, its fruit will also be good. If a tree is bad, its fruit will also be bad. 34You brood of vipers, how can you speak good things, when you are evil? For out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaks. 35The good person brings good things out of mhis good treasure, and the evil person brings evil things out of his evil treasure. 36But I tell you, on the day of judgment people will give an account for every idle word they speak. 37For by yoʋr words yoʋ will be justified, and by yoʋr words yoʋ will be condemned.”

The Sign of Jonah

38Then some of the scribes and Pharisees nresponded, “Teacher, we want to see a sign from yoʋ.” 39But Jesus answered them, “An evil and adulterous generation asks for a sign, but no sign will be given to it except the sign of the prophet Jonah. 40For just as oJonah was in the belly of the great sea creature for three days and three nights, so will the Son of Man be in the heart of the earth for three days and three nights. 41The men of Nineveh will rise up at the judgment with this generation and condemn it, for they repented at the preaching of Jonah, and behold, something greater than Jonah is here. 42The queen of the South will rise up at the judgment with this generation and condemn it, for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and behold, something greater than Solomon is here.

An Unclean Spirit Returns

43“When an unclean spirit has gone out of a person, it goes through waterless places seeking rest, but does not find any. 44Then it says, ‘I will return to the house I left.’ When it arrives, it finds the house unoccupied, swept, and put in order. 45Then it goes and takes with it seven other spirits more evil than itself, and they go in and dwell there, and the last state of that person becomes worse than the first. So will it be with this evil generation also.”

Jesus' Mother and Brothers

46While Jesus was still speaking to the crowds, behold, his mother and his brothers stood outside, asking to speak to him. 47pThen someone said to him, “Behold, yoʋr mother and yoʋr brothers are standing outside, asking to speak to yoʋ.” 48But he replied to the one who spoke to him, “Who is my mother, and who are my brothers?” 49And stretching out his hand toward his disciples, he said, “Behold, my mother and my brothers! 50For whoever does the will of my Father in heaven is my brother and sister and mother.”

Textual notes
  • a12:3he 𝔐20 ¦ — 𝔐25 CT
  • b12:4ate ¦ they ate NA SBL WH
  • c12:6something ¦ someone TR
  • d12:8of ¦ even of ANT TR
  • e12:10man ¦ man there ANT
  • f12:15Large crowds 97.1% ¦ Many SBL WH 0.3%
  • g12:22man who was blind and mute ¦ mute man CT
  • h12:23Son ¦ Christ, the Son ANT PCK
  • i12:27do ¦ will ANT
  • j12:29can 𝔐35 ¦ will 𝔐10 ANT CT HF RP TR
  • k12:31they will not be forgiven for blasphemy against the Spirit ¦ blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven CT
  • l12:32the present ¦ this CT TR
  • m12:35his good treasure ¦ the good treasure of his heart TR
  • n12:38responded ¦ responded to him CT
  • o12:40Jonah ¦ the prophet Jonah ANT
  • p12:47Then … to speak to yoʋ.” ¦ Then … to see yoʋ.” ANT ¦ — WH
Commentary
VerseMatthew 12:1

At that time

Matthew 12:1 is thematically connected to 11:25 based on repetition of ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ καιρῷ (en ekeinō tō kairō == "at that time").1

ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ καιρῷ, "in that time," although merely a transition phrase, does have the effect of tying this passage together with the preceding argument concerning the kind yoke and light burden of Jesus' teaching. The evangelist makes the connection by means of the assertion that about the time Jesus had made the previous remarks, these illustrative episodes occurred.2

In 12:1, "that time" refers to the Sabbath and thus the "rest" (11:28) Jesus gives to those who receive the revelation from the Father of Jesus and come to Him (11:27–28).

Matthew’s coupling of these two scenes is vital, inasmuch as the walking, the hungering, and the plucking of the grain illustrate what Jesus means when He speaks of those "heavy laden." To such as hunger and labor in this world, He promises an easy yoke and a "light" burden—that is to say, in rabbinical terms, a load that can be carried without violating the Sabbath rest.

This is the "rest for your souls" Jesus provides for those who come to Him. It consists in the knowledge of the true God revealed in and through His Son. The true Sabbath, therefore, is the presence of Christ, who walks with His disciples through their field of hunger. Having become a human being in order to reveal the Father, He shares their condition in the field.

Matthew goes on to speak of the "wise and prudent" who accuse those infants when, on the Sabbath, they "began to pluck heads of grain." "Look," they tell Jesus, "Your disciples are doing something not lawful to do on the Sabbath!"

These accusers know nothing of the Sabbath rest. Rather, they "bind heavy burdens, hard to bear, and lay them on men's shoulders but will not, themselves, lift a finger to adjust them" (23:4). These are the "wise and prudent," to whom the knowledge of the Father has not been revealed. For them the Sabbath itself is a burden.

In order to defend these infants, the Lord of the Sabbath, the One promising "rest for your souls," responds to their accusers, summoning to mind great David, who "entered the house of God and ate the Bread of the Presence, which was not legitimate for him to eat, nor for those who were with him" (12:4).3

  • 1This is one of three pericopes in Matthew that begin with ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ καιρῷ (en ekeinō tō kairō). Cf. note on "At that time."
  • 2Donald A. Hagner, Matthew 1–13, vol. 33A, Word Biblical Commentary (Dallas: Word, Incorporated, 1993), 328.
  • 3Patrick Henry Reardon, Reclaiming the Atonement: An Orthodox Theology of Redemption: The Incarnate Word, vol. 1 (Chesterton, IN: Ancient Faith Publishing, 2015), 228–229.
Synoptic parallels
  • 12:1–8 Plucking Grain on the Sabbath

    Plucking Grain on the Sabbath

    3 Gospels · read side by side
    Matthew 12:1–8 · this chapter
    Read with commentary →✎ 1 note
    1At that time Jesus went through the grainfields on the Sabbath. His disciples were hungry and began to pluck heads of grain and eat them. 2When the Pharisees saw this, they said to him, “Behold, yoʋr disciples are doing what is not lawful to do on the Sabbath.” 3He said to them, “Have you not read what David did when he was hungry, he and those who were with him, 4how he entered the house of God and ate the bread of the Presence, which was not lawful for him or those who were with him to eat, but only for the priests? 5Or have you not read in the law that on the Sabbath the priests in the temple profane the Sabbath and yet are guiltless? 6But I tell you that something greater than the temple is here. 7But if you had known what this means: ‘I desire mercy and not sacrifice,’ you would not have condemned the guiltless. 8For the Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath.”
    23On the Sabbath Jesus was going through the grainfields, and his disciples began to make their way, plucking heads of grain. 24So the Pharisees said to him, “Behold, why are they doing what is not lawful to do on the Sabbath?” 25He said to them, “Have you never read what David did when he had need and was hungry, he and those who were with him, 26how he entered the house of God in the time of Abiathar the high priest and ate the bread of the Presence, which is not lawful for anyone to eat except for the priests, and how he also gave it to those who were with him?” 27Then he said to them, “The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath. 28So the Son of Man is Lord even of the Sabbath.”
    1On the second major Sabbath, Jesus was going through the grainfields, and his disciples were plucking heads of grain, rubbing off the husks in their hands, and eating them. 2But some of the Pharisees said to them, “Why are you doing what is not lawful to do on the Sabbath?” 3Jesus answered them, “Have you not read what David did when he was hungry, he and those who were with him, 4how he entered the house of God and took and ate the bread of the Presence, which is not lawful for anyone to eat except for the priests, and how he also gave it to those who were with him?” 5Then he said to them, “The Son of Man is Lord even of the Sabbath.”
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  • 12:9–14 The Man with a Withered Hand
    Mark 3:1–6Luke 6:6–11

    The Man with a Withered Hand

    3 Gospels · read side by side
    Matthew 12:9–14 · this chapter
    Read with commentary →
    9Then he departed from there and went into their synagogue. 10And behold, there was a man who had a withered hand. In order to accuse Jesus, the Pharisees asked him, “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?” 11He said to them, “What man among you who has a sheep that falls into a pit on the Sabbath will not take hold of it and lift it out? 12Of how much more value is a person than a sheep! So then, it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath.” 13Then he said to the man, “Stretch out yoʋr hand.” So he stretched it out, and it was restored, becoming as sound as the other. 14But the Pharisees went out and took counsel against Jesus as to how they might destroy him.
    1Once again Jesus went into the synagogue, and a man was there who had a withered hand. 2Now the Pharisees were watching Jesus closely to see if he would heal the man on the Sabbath, so that they could accuse him. 3And he said to the man with the withered hand, “Rise and come forward.” 4Then Jesus said to them, “Is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good or to do evil, to save life or to kill?” But they were silent. 5After looking around at them with anger, grieved by the hardness of their hearts, he said to the man, “Stretch out yoʋr hand.” So he stretched it out, and his hand was restored, becoming as sound as the other. 6Then the Pharisees went out and immediately took counsel with the Herodians against Jesus as to how they might destroy him.
    6On another Sabbath, Jesus went into the synagogue and was teaching, and a man was there whose right hand was withered. 7Now the scribes and the Pharisees were watching Jesus closely to see if he would heal on the Sabbath, so that they could find an accusation against him. 8But he knew their thoughts and said to the man with the withered hand, “Rise and stand here.” So he rose and stood there. 9Then Jesus said to them, “ Let me ask you something: Is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good or to do evil, to save life or to kill?” 10And after looking around at them all, he said to the man, “Stretch out yoʋr hand.” The man did so, and his hand was restored, becoming as sound as the other. 11But the scribes and Pharisees were filled with mindless rage and discussed with one another what they might do to Jesus.
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  • 12:15–21 The Multitudes Healed

    The Multitudes Healed

    2 Gospels · read side by side
    Matthew 12:15–21 · this chapter
    Read with commentary →
    15Aware of this, Jesus withdrew from there. Large crowds followed him, and he healed them all 16and warned them not to make him known. 17This was to fulfill what had been spoken through the prophet Isaiah: 18“Behold, my servant whom I have chosen, my beloved, in whom my soul is well pleased. I will put my Spirit upon him, and he will declare justice to the Gentiles. 19He will not quarrel or cry out, nor will anyone hear his voice in the streets. 20A bruised reed he will not break, and a smoldering wick he will not extinguish, until he brings justice to victory. 21And in his name the Gentiles will hope.”
    7But Jesus withdrew with his disciples to the sea, and a great multitude from Galilee followed him, and also from Judea, 8Jerusalem, Idumea, and beyond the Jordan. A great multitude of people from around Tyre and Sidon also came to him when they heard about everything he was doing. 9Then he told his disciples to have a small boat ready for him, so that the crowd would not crush him. 10For he had healed many, so that all who had afflictions were pressing toward him to touch him. 11Whenever the unclean spirits saw him, they would fall down before him and cry out, “Yoʋ are the Son of God.” 12But he would strictly warn them not to make him known.
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  • 12:22–37 The Beelzebul Controversy

    The Beelzebul Controversy

    2 Gospels · read side by side
    Matthew 12:22–37 · this chapter
    Read with commentary →
    22Then a demon-possessed man who was blind and mute was brought to him, and Jesus healed him, so that the man who was blind and mute could speak and see. 23All the crowds were amazed and said, “Can this be the Son of David?” 24But when the Pharisees heard this, they said, “It is only by Beelzebul, the ruler of demons, that this man casts out demons.” 25Knowing their thoughts, Jesus said to them, “Every kingdom divided against itself is laid waste, and no city or house divided against itself will stand. 26So if Satan casts out Satan, he is divided against himself. How then will his kingdom stand? 27And if I cast out demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your followers cast them out? Therefore they will be your judges. 28But if I cast out demons by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you. 29Or how can anyone enter the house of a strong man and plunder his goods unless he first binds the strong man? Then he can plunder his house. 30Whoever is not with me is against me, and whoever does not gather with me scatters. 31Therefore I tell you, people will be forgiven for every sin and blasphemy, but they will not be forgiven for blasphemy against the Spirit. 32Whoever speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven, but whoever speaks against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven, neither in the present age nor in the age to come. 33“A tree is known by its fruit. If a tree is good, its fruit will also be good. If a tree is bad, its fruit will also be bad. 34You brood of vipers, how can you speak good things, when you are evil? For out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaks. 35The good person brings good things out of his good treasure, and the evil person brings evil things out of his evil treasure. 36But I tell you, on the day of judgment people will give an account for every idle word they speak. 37For by yoʋr words yoʋ will be justified, and by yoʋr words yoʋ will be condemned.”
    20Then they entered a house, and a crowd came together again, so that Jesus and his disciples could not even eat bread. 21When his family heard about it, they went out to restrain him, for they said, “He is out of his mind.” 22But the scribes who had come down from Jerusalem said, “He is possessed by Beelzebul,” and, “By the ruler of demons he casts out demons.” 23So Jesus called them over and said to them in parables, “How can Satan cast out Satan? 24If a kingdom is divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand. 25And if a house is divided against itself, that house cannot stand. 26And if Satan has risen up against himself and is divided, he cannot stand, but has come to an end. 27No one can enter the house of a strong man and plunder his goods unless he first binds the strong man. Then he can plunder his house. 28“Truly I say to you, all sins will be forgiven the sons of men, and whatever blasphemies they utter. 29But whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit never has forgiveness, but is subject to eternal judgment.” 30He said this because they were saying, “He has an unclean spirit.”
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  • 12:46–50 Jesus' True Family

    Jesus' True Family

    3 Gospels · read side by side
    Matthew 12:46–50 · this chapter
    Read with commentary →
    46While Jesus was still speaking to the crowds, behold, his mother and his brothers stood outside, asking to speak to him. 47Then someone said to him, “Behold, yoʋr mother and yoʋr brothers are standing outside, asking to speak to yoʋ.” 48But he replied to the one who spoke to him, “Who is my mother, and who are my brothers?” 49And stretching out his hand toward his disciples, he said, “Behold, my mother and my brothers! 50For whoever does the will of my Father in heaven is my brother and sister and mother.”
    31Then Jesus' brothers and mother came, and standing outside, they sent word to him and called for him. 32There was a crowd sitting around Jesus, and they said to him, “Behold, yoʋr mother, yoʋr brothers, and yoʋr sisters are outside looking for yoʋ.” 33But he answered them, “Who is my mother, or my brothers?” 34And looking around in a circle at the people sitting there, he said, “Behold, these are my mother and my brothers! 35For whoever does the will of God is my brother and my sister and mother.”
    19Then Jesus' mother and brothers came to him, but they were not able to reach him because of the crowd. 20So some people told him, “Yoʋr mother and yoʋr brothers are standing outside, wanting to see yoʋ.” 21But he answered them, “My mother and my brothers are those who hear the word of God and obey it.”
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New Testament text: Text-Critical English New Testament (TCENT) — © Robert Adam Boyd, CC BY 4.0. Texts & Translations →